Endocarditis infecciosa en la Unidad de Medicina Intensiva / Infectious endocarditis in the intensive care unit

Objetivo: Conocer las características, evolución y pronóstico de los pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa que requieren tratamiento en la Unidad de Medicina Intensiva. Diseño: Estudio observacional de cohortes prospectivo en pacientes ingresados por endocarditis infecciosa. Ámbito: Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, centro con 824 camas y población asignada de 493.145 personas. Pacientes: Todos los pacientes diagnosticados de endocarditis siguiendo los criterios de Duke entre el 1 de enero de 2005 y el 31 de julio de 2011. Variables de interés: Variables demográficas, clínicas, scores de gravedad, hallazgos microbiológicos y ecocardiográficos, mortalidad intrahospitalaria y complicaciones. Resultados: De 102 pacientes diagnosticados de endocarditis, 38 (37%) ingresaron en Medicina Intensiva. Comparándolos con los que no lo hicieron, sufrieron con más frecuencia afectación mitral (OR= 7,13; IC del 95%, 2,12-24; p= 0,002) y embolia cerebral (OR= 3,89; IC del 95%, 1,06-14,3; p= 0,041). La mortalidad fue mayor (42,1 vs 18,8%, p= 0,011), así como la proporción de cirugías urgentes (45,8 vs 5,9%, p<0,001). Resultaron predictores de mortalidad la infección por Estafilococo aureus (OR= 3,49; IC 95%: 1,02-11,93; p=0,046), la insuficiencia cardiaca (OR=4,18; IC 95%: 1,17-14,94; p=0,028), el embolismo cerebral (OR= 8,45; IC 95%: 1,89-37,74; p=0,005) y la puntuación en el score SAPS II al ingreso (OR=1,09; IC 95% 1,04-1,15; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Una elevada proporción de pacientes con endocarditis requieren ingreso en la Unidad de Medicina Intensiva, presentando un pronóstico mucho más desfavorable. La infección por E. aureus, la insuficiencia cardiaca, el embolismo cerebral y la puntuación SAPS II resultan predictores de mortalidad intrahospitalaria (AU)

Objective: To study the characteristics, evolution and prognosis of patients with infectious endocarditis requiring treatment in the Intensive Care Unit. Design: A prospective, observational cohort study of patients admitted due to infectious endocarditis. Setting: Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, a third - level center with a recruitment population of 493,145. Patients: All patients consecutively diagnosed with infectious endocarditis in our center according to the Duke criteria, between 1 January 2005 and 31 July 2011. Study variables: Demographic data, clinical severity scores, microbiological and echocardiographic data, hospital mortality and complications. Results: Out of 102 patients diagnosed with endocarditis, 38 (37%) were admitted to Intensive Care. Compared with those patients not admitted to the ICU, these subjects suffered more frequent mitral valve alterations (OR= 7.13; 95%CI: 2.12-24; p= 0.002) and cerebral embolism (OR= 3.89; 95%CI: 1.06-14.3; p= 0.041). In turn, mortality was greater (42.1% vs 18.8%, p= 0.011), as was the proportion of emergency surgeries (45.8% vs 5.9%, p<0.001). The identified mortality predictors were Staphylococcus aureus infection (OR= 3.49; 95%CI 1.02-11.93; p=0.046), heart failure (OR=4.18; 95%CI: 1.17-14.94; p=0.028), cerebral embolism (OR= 8.45; 95%CI: 1.89-37.74; p=0.005) and the SAPS II upon admission (OR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.04-1.15; p<0.001). Conclusions: A large proportion of patients with endocarditis require admission to the Intensive Care Unit, presenting a much poorer prognosis. Staphylococcus aureus infection, heart failure, cerebral embolism and SAPS II scores are independent predictors of hospital mortality (AU)

[Infectious endocarditis in the intensive care unit]. / Endocarditis infecciosa en la Unidad de Medicina Intensiva.

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics, evolution and prognosis of patients with infectious endocarditis requiring treatment in the Intensive Care Unit. DESIGN: A prospective, observational cohort study of patients admitted due to infectious endocarditis. SETTING: Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, a third - level center with a recruitment population of 493,145. PATIENTS: All patients consecutively diagnosed with infectious endocarditis in our center according to the Duke criteria, between 1 January 2005 and 31 July 2011. STUDY VARIABLES: Demographic data, clinical severity scores, microbiological and echocardiographic data, hospital mortality and complications. RESULTS: Out of 102 patients diagnosed with endocarditis, 38 (37%) were admitted to Intensive Care. Compared with those patients not admitted to the ICU, these subjects suffered more frequent mitral valve alterations (OR= 7.13; 95%CI: 2.12-24; p= 0.002) and cerebral embolism (OR= 3.89; 95%CI: 1.06-14.3; p= 0.041). In turn, mortality was greater (42.1% vs 18.8%, p= 0.011), as was the proportion of emergency surgeries (45.8% vs 5.9%, p<0.001). The identified mortality predictors were Staphylococcus aureus infection (OR= 3.49; 95%CI 1.02-11.93; p=0.046), heart failure (OR=4.18; 95%CI: 1.17-14.94; p=0.028), cerebral embolism (OR= 8.45; 95%CI: 1.89-37.74; p=0.005) and the SAPS II upon admission (OR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.04-1.15; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of patients with endocarditis require admission to the Intensive Care Unit, presenting a much poorer prognosis. Staphylococcus aureus infection, heart failure, cerebral embolism and SAPS II scores are independent predictors of hospital mortality.

[Chronic pulmonary insufficiency after tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis intervention. Pulmonary valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis]. / Insuficiencia pulmonar crónica secundaria a tetralogía de Fallot y estenosis pulmonar intervenida. Recambio valvular pulmonar con prótesis metálica.

INTRODUCTION: Tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis are a frequent cause of consultation in patients with congenital heart disease. Interventions performed in infancy can cause residual pulmonary insufficiency and may require pulmonary valve replacement when adults. METHODS: From 2003 to 2007, 37 patients underwent right ventricular outflow tract or pulmonary valve intervention (tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis). Differences between echocardiographic parameters in both pathologies, indications for pulmonary valvular replacement and the type of prosthesis used, were studied. RESULTS: 25 (67.6 %) patients had tetralogy of Fallot and 12 (32.4 %) pulmonary stenosis. In the pulmonary stenosis group, 7 patients had pulmonary valvulotomy in infancy and 5 had percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty in adulthood. Fallot patients received a transannular patch. No significant differences were seen in echocardiographic parameters (right and left ventricular diameter, pulmonary insufficiency, transpulmonary gradient and left ventricular ejection fraction). Mechanical prosthesis valve replacement was performed in 5 (13.5 %) patients, with no morbidity-mortality and with a significant improvement of the functional class. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pulmonary insufficiency is a frequent complication after intervention of tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis. Mechanical prosthesis valve replacement has low morbidity-mortality and low risk of complications after short to medium-term follow-up.

Insuficiencia pulmonar crónica secundaria a tetralogía de Fallot y estenosis pulmonar intervenida. Recambio valvular pulmonar con prótesis metálica / Chronic pulmonary insufficiency after tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis intervention. Pulmonary valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis

Introducción. La tetralogía de Fallot y la estenosis pulmonar intervenida son causas frecuentes de consulta en pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas. Las intervenciones realizadas en la infancia conllevan una insuficiencia pulmonar residual que puede requerir recambio valvular pulmonar en la edad adulta. Métodos. Entre 2003 y 2007 se controló a 37 pacientes con intervencionismo sobre el tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho y la válvula pulmonar (tetralogía de Fallot y estenosis pulmonar). Se realizó un estudio para evaluar la diferencia entre los parámetros ecocardiográficos de ambas patologías, las indicaciones de recambio valvular pulmonar y el tipo de prótesis implantada. Resultados. Del total de pacientes con intervención sobre la válvula pulmonar, 25 (67,6 %) tenían tetralogía de Fallot y 12 (32,4 %), estenosis pulmonar. De los pacientes con estenosis pulmonar, a 7 se les realizó valvulotomía en la infancia y a 5, valvuloplastia pulmonar en la edad adulta. A los pacientes con tetralogía de Fallot se les realizó una ampliación transanular con parche. La diferencia de medias de los parámetros ecocardiográficos estudiados (diámetros de los ventrículos derecho e izquierdo, grado de insuficiencia pulmonar, gradiente transpulmonar y fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo) no fue significativa. Se realizó recambio valvular pulmonar con prótesis metálica en 5 (13,5 %) pacientes, sin morbimortalidad y con una mejoría significativa del grado funcional. Conclusiones. La insuficiencia pulmonar crónica es una complicación frecuente en los pacientes con tetralogía de Fallot y estenosis pulmonar intervenidas. El recambio pulmonar con prótesis metálica es un procedimiento de baja morbimortalidad y escaso riesgo de complicaciones a corto-medio plazo

Introduction. Tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis are a frequent cause of consultation in patients with congenital heart disease. Interventions performed in infancy can cause residual pulmonary insufficiency and may require pulmonary valve replacement when adults. Methods. From 2003 to 2007, 37 patients underwent right ventricular outflow tract or pulmonary valve intervention (tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis). Differences between echocardiographic parameters in both pathologies, indications for pulmonary valvular replacement and the type of prosthesis used, were studied. Results. 25 (67.6 %) patients had tetralogy of Fallot and 12 (32.4 %) pulmonary stenosis. In the pulmonary stenosis group, 7 patients had pulmonary valvulotomy in infancy and 5 had percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty in adulthood. Fallot patients received a transannular patch. No significant differences were seen in echocardiographic parameters (right and left ventricular diameter, pulmonary insufficiency, transpulmonary gradient and left ventricular ejection fraction). Mechanical prosthesis valve replacement was performed in 5 (13.5 %) patients, with no morbidity-mortality and with a significant improvement of the functional class. Conclusions. Chronic pulmonary insufficiency is a frequent complication after intervention of tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis. Mechanical prosthesis valve replacement has low morbidity-mortality and low risk of complications after short to medium-term follow-up

[Cardiopulmonary by-pass with cardiac arrest and deep hypothermia for the surgical treatment of tumor thrombi in the vena cava caused by kidney carcinoma]. / By-pass cardiopulmonar con parada cardiocirculatoria e hipotermia profunda en el tratamiento quirúrgico de trombos tumorales en vena cava por carcinoma renal.

The by-pass technique with controlled cardiac arrest and hypothermia is probably the best method for an extirpation of intracava tumoral thrombi in renal tumours. The technique is easy to perform, represents a great help in the extirpation of thrombi regardless their size and location, and avoids massive bleeding.